Contents

1. Introduction to Research Methodology    

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Research

3. Objectives of Research

3.1 Characteristics of Research Objectives

3.2 Methods of Stating Objectives

3.3 Examples of Specific Research Objectives

4. Motivation in Research

5. Types of Research 

5.1 Descriptive Research

5.2 Exploratory Research

5.3 Applied Research

5.4 Fundamental Research/Pure Research

5.5 Quantitative Research

5.6 Qualitative Research

5.7 Conceptual Research

5.8 Empirical Research

5.9 Experimental Research

5.10 Historical Research

5.11 Some other types of Research

6. Research Approaches

7. Significance of Research

8. Researcher and Characteristics of Researcher

9. Research Ethics and Integrity

10. Plagiarism and Types of Plagiarism

11. Introduction to Plagiarism Check Tools

11.1 How Plagiarism Check Tools Work

11.2 Plagiarism Check Tools

12. Research Methods versus Methodology

13. Research and Scientific Method

14. Importance of Knowing How Research is Done

15. Criteria of Good Research

2.Literature Review and Formulation of Research Problems

1. Introduction

1.1 Research Process

1.2 Formulating the Research Problem

1.3 Extensive Literature Survey

1.4 Developing the Hypothesis

1.5 Determining Sample Design

1.6 Collecting the Data

1.7 Execution of the Project

1.8 Analysis of Data

1.9 Hypothesis Testing

2. Reviewing the Literature: Purpose of a Literature Review

3. Literature Resources   

4. The Internet and a literature review

5. The Internet and Research Strategies and Methods   

6. Conducting and Evaluating Literature Reviews

6.1 Conducting Literature Reviews

6.2 Evaluating Literature Reviews

7. Formulation of Research Problem   

7.1 What is a Research Problem

7.2 Selecting the Problem

7.3 Necessity of Defining the Problem

7.4  Technique Involved in Defining a Problem

3.Research Design    

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Research Design

3. Need for Research Design

4. Features of a Good Design

5. Important Concepts Relating to Research Design

6. Confounded Relationship

7. Different Research Designs/Methods

7.1 Pure and Applied Research

7.2 Exploratory or Formulative Research    

7.3 Descriptive Research

7.4 Diagnostic Research

7.5 Evaluation Studies    

7.6 Action Research

7.7 Experimental Research

7.8 Analytical Study or Statistical Method

7.9 Historical Research

7.10 Surveys

7.11 Case Study

7.12 Field Studies

4. Hypothesis and Sampling

1. Introduction

2. What is Hypothesis

2.1 Parametric vs. Non-parametric Tests

2.2 The Level of Significance

2.3 The Decision Rule

2.4 Type I and Type II Errors

2.5 Two-tailed and One-tailed Tests

3. Nature and Characteristics of Hypothesis

4. Significance of Hypothesis

5. Types of Hypothesis

6. Sources of Hypothesis

7. Characteristics of Good Hypothesis

8. What is Sampling

9. Aims of Sampling

10.  Characteristics of Good Sample

11. Basis of Sampling

11.1 Confidence Level and Significance Level

11.2 Sampling Distribution

11.3 Important Sampling Distributions

12. Merits and Demerits of Sampling

12.1 The Limitations of Sampling

13. Sampling Techniques or Methods

14. Probability Sampling Methods

15. Non-Probability Sampling Methods

16. Sample Design and Choice of Sampling Technique

16.1 Sampling Design

16.2 Criteria of Choice of Sampling Design

5. Data Collection, Processing and Analysis of Data

1. Introduction

2. Collection of Primary Data

3. Method of data Collections - Observation, Interview, Questionnaires and Schedules

3.1 Observation

3.2 Interview

3.3 Questionnaires

3.4 Schedules

4. Difference between Questionnaires and Schedules

5. Some Other Methods of Data Collection

6. Collection of Secondary Data

7. Selection of Appropriate Method for Data Collection

8. Case Study Method

9. Processing Operations and Some Problems in Processing

9.1 Processing Operations

9.2 Some Problems in Processing

10. Elements/Types of Data Analysis

11. Statistics in Research

12. Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Asymmetry (Skewness)

12.1 Measures of Central Tendency

12.2 Dispersion

12.3 Asymmetry (Skewness)

13. Measures of Relationship - Chi-Square, t-test, ANOVA(f-test), Z-test

13.1 t-test    

13.2 ANOVA(f-test)

13.3 Z-test    

14. Simple Regression Analysis, and Multiple Correlation and Regression

14.1 Simple Regression Analysis

14.2 Multiple Correlation and Regression

15. Partial Correlation and Association in Case of Attributes

15.1 Partial Correlation

16. Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis Tools

6. Interpretation and Report Writing 

1. Introduction 1

2. Meaning of Interpretation, Why Interpretation

3. Technique of Interpretation

4. Precaution in Interpretation

5. Significance of Report Writing

6. Different Steps in Writing Report

7. Layout of the Research Report

8. Types of Reports (Research Proposal/Synopsis, Research Paper, and Thesis)

9. Oral Presentation

10. Mechanics of Writing a Research Report

11. Precautions for Writing Research Reports

12. Concepts of Data Visualization and Its Role in Interpreting and 
    Presenting Research Findings

13. Guidance on Creating Effective Figures, Charts, and Tables for
    Research Reports

7. Publication Ethics and Open Access Publishing

1. Publication Ethics: Definition, Introduction and Importance

1.1 The Objectives of Research Ethics

1.2 The Principles of Research Ethics

1.3 Importance of Research Ethics

2. Best Practices/Standards Setting Initiatives and Guidelines: COPE,
   WAME, etc.

3. Conflicts of Interest

4. Publication misconduct: Definition, Concept, Problems that Lead to
   Unethical Behaviour and Vice Versa, Types

5. Violation of Publication Ethics, Authorship and Contributorship

6. Identification of Publication Misconduct, Complaints and Appeals

7. Predatory Publishers and Journal

8. Open Access Publications and Initiatives

9. SHERPA/RoMEO Online Resource to Check Publisher Copyright & Self-
   archiving Policies

10. Software Tool to Identify Predatory Publications Developed by SPPU

11. Journal Finder/ Journal Suggestion Tools viz. JANE, Elsevier Journal
    Finder, SpringerJournal Suggester, etc.

12. E-Resources for Research: Google Scholar, ShodhGanaga, ShodhGangotri

13. The Peer Review Process, including Single-Blind and Double-Blind
    Review, and How to Respond to Reviewer Comments

8. Research Proposal Development

1. Introduction

2. What is a research Proposal

2.1 Functions of Research Proposal   

2.2 Statement of the Problem

2.3 Purpose    

2.4 Significance of the Study

3. Elements of a strong research proposal: problem statement, research questions, objectives, significance.

4. Components of a Research Proposal: Literature Review, Theoretical Framework, Methodology, Timeline