Contents

1. Principles of Classification

Introduction

1.1 Taxonomy

1.2 Systematics

1.3 Linnaean System of Classification (Six Level Classification: Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

1.4 Concept of Species: Biological & Evolutionary

1.5 Introduction to Binomial Nomenclature

1.6 Five Kingdom Classification

1.6.1 Kingdom Monera (The Kingdom of Prokaryotes)

1.6.2 Kingdom Protista (Kingdom of Unicellular Eukaryotes)

1.6.3 Kingdom Fungi (Kingdom of Multicellular Decomposer)

1.6.4 Kingdom Plantae

1.6.5 Kingdom Animalia (The Kingdom of Multicellular Animals)

2. General Features of Kingdom Animalia

Introduction

2.1 Kingdom Animalia

2.2 Grades of Organization

2.3 Animal Characterization Based on Body Symmetry

2.3.1 Radial Symmetry

2.3.2 Bilateral Symmetry

2.3.3 Asymmetry

3. Kingdom Protista (Phylum: Protozoa)

3.1 Introduction to Phylum Protozoa

3.2 General Characteristics of Phylum Protozoa

3.3 Classification of Protozoa

3.4 Locomotion in Protozoa: Amoeboid, Ciliary and Flagellar with Suitable Examples

3.5 Paramoecium

3.5.1 Systematic Position [Classification]

3.5.2 Habits and Habitats

3.5.3 Morphological Structure

3.5.4 Special Features

3.5.5 Locomotion

3.5.6 Nutrition

3.5.7 Respiration

3.5.8 Reproduction

3.6 Economic Importance of Protozoa (Three harmful and One useful Protozoan)

3.6.1 Harmful Protozoa

3.6.2 Useful Protozoa

4. Origin of Metazoa

4.1 Introduction Origin and importance of Metazoa

5. Phylum Porifera

5.1 Porifera

5.1.1 Salient Features / General Characters

5.2 Classification

5.3 Canal System in Sponges

5.4 Skeleton of Sponges

5.5 Regeneration in Sponges

5.6 Economic Importance of Porifera

6. Phylum Cnidaria

6.1 Cnidaria (Coelenterata)

6.2 Salient Features / General Characters

6.3 Classification

6.4 Polymorphism in Hydrozoa: Polyps and Medusa (Polyp types: Gastrozooids, Dactylozoids, Gonozoids)

6.5 Economic importance of Cnidarians with reference to Corals and Coral reefs

7. Phylum Platyhelminthes

7.1 Introduction to Phylum Platyhelminthes

7.2 Salient Features of Phylum - Platyhelminthes

7.3 Classification of Phylum Platyhelminthes up to Classes with Two Class (with name of examples)

7.4 Parasitic Adaptations in Platyhelminthes: Structural Andphysiological

7.5 Economic Importance of Platyhelminthes