Contents

1. Sources of Energy

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Brief Description of Energy Sources

1.3 Fossil Fuels

1.4 Solar Energy

1.5 Wind Energy

1.6 Biogas

1.7 Hydraulic Energy

1.8 Fuel Cell

2. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Concept of pure substance

2.3 Work and Energy

2.4 Laws of Thermodynamics

2.5 Applications of thermodynamic laws

2.6 Applications of second Law to Heat Engine, Heat pump and Refrigerator

3. Ideal Gases

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Ideal Gas

3.3 Ideal Gas Processes

4. Steam and Steam Boiler

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Generation of Steam at Constant Pressure

4.3 Various Terms for Steam

4.4 Properties of Steam

4.5 Use of Steam Table

4.6 Quality of Steam (Dryness fraction)

4.7 Determination of Quality of Steam (Dryness fraction of steam)

4.8 Vapour Process

4.9 Rankine Cycle

4.10 Steam Boilers

4.11 CoChran Boiler

4.12 Babcock and wilcox Boiler

4.13 Modern High Pressure Boilers

4.14 Requirements of Good Boilers

4.15 Comparison between ‘FIRE TUBE’ and ‘WATER-TUBE’ boilers

4.16 Boiler Draught

4.17 Boiler Mountings and Accessories

4.18  Boiler Accessories

5. Steam Turbines and Condensers

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Steam Turbine

5.3 Compounding of Turbine (Method of Reducing Rotor Speed)

5.4 Steam Condenser

5.5 Sources of Air Leakage in Condenser

5.6 Cooling Towers

6. Heat Transfer

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Modes of Heat Transfer

6.3 Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

6.4 Heat Transfer by Radiation

6.5 Heat Exchangers