Contents

1. Semiconductor Diodes   

1. Introduction

2. Semiconductors   

3. Crystal Structure of Semiconductor

4. Formation of P-N Junction   

5. Rectifier Diode  

6. Zener Diode 

7. Light Emitting Diode (LED)  

8. Photodiode

9. Optocoupler 

10.Solar Cell  

2.Bipolar Junction Transistor(BJT)  

1. Introduction

2. Symbol and Construction of Bipolar Junction Transistor 

3. The Working of a Transistor 

4. Relation between a and b    

5. Transistor Amplifier Configurations    

6. Input – Output Characteristics of CE Configuration

7. Operating Regions of Transistor  

8. Biasing Concept for Transistor Operation    

9. Transistor as a Switch 

10.Transistor as an Amplifier  

3. MOSFET

1. Introduction

2. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)  

3. Comparison of MOSFET and BJT

4. Applications

4. Power Supply

1. Introduction

2. Block Diagram of Linear D.C. Power Supply

3. Rectifiers

4. Filter

5. Unregulated and Regulated Power Supply

6.   Zener as Regulator

7.   IC Voltage Regulators

7.1 Fixed Positive Voltage Regulator

7.2 Fixed Negative Voltage Regulator

8. Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

9. Comparison between Linear Mode Power Supply and SMPS

10. Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

10.1 On-line UPS

10.2 OFF-line UPS

5. Oscillators    

1. Introduction

2. The Concept of Feedback

3. General Theory of Feedback

4. Basic Principle of Oscillator

5. Types of Oscillators

6. Low Frequency Wein Bridge Oscillator

6.1 High Frequency Crystal Oscillator

7. Multivibrators

8. IC555

8.1 Functional Block Diagram

8.2 Astable Multivibrator using IC 555

9. Applications of Oscillators and Multivibrator

6. Data Converters

1. Introduction

2. Digital to Analog Converters

2.1 Parameters of DAC

3. Weighted Resistive Ladder Network

4. R-2R Ladder

5. A/D Converter

5.1 Parameters of A/D Converter

6. Flash Analog to Digital Converter

7. Successive Approximation A/D Converter