Contents

1. Making Oral Presentations

1. Introduction and Tips for Effective Oral Presentation   

2. Pronunciation 

3. Accent  

4. Intonation    

5. Clarity 

6. Speed of Oral Presentations     

7. Fluency 

8. Eye Contact   

9. Planning and Organization 

2. Enrichment of Vocabulary

1. Introduction  

2. Word Forms and Derivation 

3. Types of Affixes    

4. Other Process of Word Formation 

5. Scientific and Technical Vocabulary   

6. Spellings     

7. Frequently Confused Words 

3. Basic Grammar

1. Tenses  

2. Voices  

3. Prepositions and Conjunctions   

4. Conditional Sentences     

5. Count and Non-count Nouns 

6. Concord 

7. Punctuation   

4. Effective Written Presentation

1. Introduction  

2. Order of Sentences in Paragraph 

3. Sentence Connector or Some Useful Transitions     

4. Coherence: ‘Stick Together’ and Cohesion

5. Contradiction 

6. Tautology     

7. Semantic Anomaly    

8. Circumlocution

5. Using the Dictionary and the Thesaurus

1. Introduction  

6. The Curriculum Vitae

1. Introduction  

2. Basic Tips    

3. Guidelines for Composing CV

7. Scientific Method

1. Introduction  

2. Scientific Research 

3. Concept 

4. Steps of Scientific Method

5. Design of Experiment

6. Scientific Reasoning

8. Scientific Presentation   

1. Introduction  

2. Types of Scientific Presentation

3. Audio – Visual Aids 

9. The IMRAD Format for Scientific Paper

1. Introduction  

2. Preparing the Manuscript  

10. Sections of a Scientific Paper

1. Introduction  

2. Title   

3. Authors (or Byline) 

4. Abstract and Summary

5. Keywords

6. Introduction  

7. Materials and Methods

8. Results 

9. Discussion    

10. Acknowledgements   

11. References   

12. Appendix     

13. Sources of References    

11. Preparing and Submitting the Manuscript

1. Preparing the Manuscript  

2. Submitting the Manuscript 

3. Revising and Editing

4. Proofreading  

12. Basic Statistical Techniques

1. Introduction  

2. Absolute Error and Relative Error

3. Standard Deviation  

4. Confidence Limit    

5. Probability or Confidence Level 

6. Tests of Significance