Contents:

1. Introduction  

   1.1 The Art of Language Design  

   1.2 The Programming Language Spectrum 

   1.3 Why Study Programming Languages?  

   1.4 Compilation and Interpretation    

   1.5 Programming Environments

2. Non-Imperative Programming Models: Functional, Logic Languages

   2.1 Introduction TO LISP  

   2.2 Basic Data Types

   2.3 Some Primitive Functions    

   2.4 FUNCTIONS WITH EXTENDED BODIES    

   2.5 More Predicates and Functions     

   2.6 Recursion and Iteration     

   2.7 Abstraction     

   2.8 Input and Output

   2.9 Simple Data Structures in LISP

   2.10 Selected LISP Primitives

   2.11 Introduction to Prolog

   2.12 Data Types

   2.13 Backtracking

   2.14 Using Rules

   2.15 Lists

   2.16 Turbo Prolog Database

   2.17 String operations in PROLOG

3. Names, Scopes, and Bindings

   3.1 Introduction    

   3.2 The Notion of Binding Time  

   3.3 Object Lifetime and Storage Management  

   3.4 Scope Rules     

   3.5 The meaning of Names in a Scope   

   3.6 The Binding of referencing Environments 

   3.7 Macro Expansion 

 4. Control Flow

   4.1 Introduction    

   4.2 Expression Evaluation 

   4.3 Structured and Unstructured Flow  

   4.4 Sequencing

   4.5 Selection 

   4.6 Iteration 

   4.7 Recursion 

   4.8 Non determinacy

5. Data Types

   5.1 Introduction    

   5.2 Primitive Data Types  

   5.3 Array types     

   5.4 Associative Arrays    

   5.5 Record Types    

   5.6 Union Types     

   5.7 Pointer and reference type

6. SUBROUTINES AND CONTROL ABSTRACTION   

   6.1 Introduction    

   6.2 Fundamentals of Subprogram  

   6.3 Design Issues for Subprograms     

   6.4 Local Referencing Environment     

   6.5 Parameter Passing Methods   

   6.6 Parameters that are Subprograms   

   6.7 Overloaded Subprograms

   6.8 Generic Subprograms   

   6.9 Design Issues for Functions 

   6.10 User-Defined Overloaded Operators

   6.11 Coroutines     

   6.12 The General Semantics of Calls and Returns   

   6.13 Implementing “simple” Subprograms

   6.14 Implementing Subprograms   

   6.15 Nested Subprograms   

   6.16 Blocks   

   6.17 Implementing Dynamic Scoping

7. Data Abstraction and Object Orientation

   7.1 Object-Oriented Programming 

   7.2 Encapsulation and Inheritance     

   7.3 Initialization and Finalization   

   7.4 Dynamic Method Binding

   7.5 Multiple Inheritance

8. Concurrency

   8.1 Introduction    

   8.2 Introduction to Subprogram-Level Concurrency  

   8.3 Semaphores

   8.4 Monitors  

   8.5 Message Passing 

   8.6 Java Threads