Contents

1. Passive Components  

1.1 Introduction 

1.2 Resistor     

1.3 Capacitor    

1.4 Inductor     

1.5 Transformer  

1.6 Cables 

1.7 Connectors   

1.8 Switches     

1.9 Fuses  

1.10 Relays

1.11 Batteries

2. Basic Electrical Circuits and Circuit Theorem

2.1 Introduction 

2.2 DC and AC Sources  

2.3 Network Terminology

2.4 Ohm’s Law    

2.5 Series and Parallel Circuits of R, C and L 

2.6 Voltage and Current Dividers   

2.7 Kirchoff’s Law (KCL, KVL)

2.8 Superposition Theorem    

2.9 Concept of Black Box     

2.10 Thevenin’s Theorem

2.11 Norton’s Theorem  

2.12 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

2.13 Charging-Discharging of Capacitor   

2.14 AC Applied to R, C and L

2.15 LCR Series Resonance Circuit  

2.16 RC Low Pass and High Pass Filter

3. Semiconductor Diodes and Circuits

3.1 Introduction 

3.2 Semiconductors     

3.3 Crystal Structure of Semiconductor   

3.4 Formation of P-N junction

3.5 Rectifier Diode    

3.6 Zener Diode

3.7 Photodiode   

3.8 Light Emitting Diode (LED)     

3.9 Optocoupler  

3.10 Varactor Diode    

3.11 Solar Cell  

3.12 Clipper Circuit   

3.13 Clamping Circuits

3.14 Rectifiers  

3.15 Rectifier with Capacitor Filter     

3.16 Zener as Regulator

3.17 Power Supply

4. Bipolar Junction Transistor and Circuits

4.1 Introduction 

4.2 Symbol and Construction of Bipolar Junction Transistor 

4.3 Working Principle  

4.4 Relation between ? and ? 

4.5 Transistor Amplifier Configurations  

4.6 I-V Characteristics

4.7 Concept of Amplification 

4.8 DC Load Line and Q-Point 

4.9 Biasing Circuits   

4.10 Concept of Class A, B and Class C Amplifier     

4.11 Emitter Follower Amplifier    

4.12 Single Stage RC Coupled CE Amplifier

4.13 Concept of Frequency Response and Bandwidth     

Solved Examples

5. UJT, FETs and Applications

5.1 Introduction 

5.2 UJT    

5.3 JFET   

5.4 Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET)     

5.5 Comparison of JFET, MOSFET and BJT   

5.6 Applications

6. Operational Amplifier     

6.1 Introduction 

6.2 Circuit Symbol     

6.3 Block Diagram

6.4 OP AMP Characteristics   

6.5 Concept of Virtual Ground

6.6 Operational Feedback     

6.7 OPAMP IC 741 

6.8 Inverting Amplifier

6.9 Non-Inverting Amplifier  

6.10 Voltage Follower  

6.11 Adder 

6.12 Subtractor  

6.13  Comparator 

6.14  Schmitt Trigger  

Solved Examples