Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Contents
1. Morphology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Sub-branches of Morphology
1.2.1 Descriptive Morphology
1.2.2 Interpretative Morphology
1.3 Importance of Morphology
1.3.1 Identification of Plants
1.3.2 Nomenclature
1.3.3 Classification
1.3.4 Phylogeny
1.3.5 Plant Breeding

2. Morphology of Reproductive Parts
2.1 Inflorescence
2.1.2 Some Terms involved in connection of the Inflorescence
2.1.2 Types of Inflorescence
2.2 Flower
2.2.1 Flower – Reproductive Organ
2.2.2 Parts of a Typical Flower
2.2.3(a) Calyx
2.2.3(b) Corolla
2.2.3(c) Perianth
2.2.3(d) Androecium
2.2.3(e) Gynaecium
2.3 Fruit
2.3.1 What is a Fruit?
2.3.2 Types of Fruits

3. Anatomy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Significance of Plant Anatomy
3.2.1 Importance in Physiology
3.2.2 Importance in Ecological Interpretation
3.2.3 Importance in Pharmacognosy
3.2.4 Importance in Wood Identification
3.3 Importance of Anatomy with reference to other Branches
3.3.1 Importance in Taxonomy

4. Types of Tissues
4.1 Mighty Meristems – The Body Builders
4.1.1 What are Meristems?
4.1.2 Characters of an Ideal / Model Meristem
4.1.3 Physiological Feature
4.1.4 Types of Meristems
4.1.5 Functional Aspect of Meristem
4.2 Simple Tissues
4.2.1 Parenchyma
4.2.2 Chlorenchyma
4.2.3 Collenchyma (Kolla – Glue)
4.2.4 Sclerenchyma (Scleros-hard)
4.3 Conducting or Vascular Tissue
4.3.1 Xylem
4.3.2 Phloem
4.3.3 Distinction between Xylem and Phloem
4.3.4 What is a Vascular Bundle?
4.4 Epidermal Tissue – Jack of all Trades
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Organization of Epidermis
4.4.3 Cell Structure
4.4.4 Specialized Epidermal Cells
4.4.5 Structure of the Stomata
4.4.6 Trichomes
4.6.7 Functions of Epidermis

5. Internal Organization of Primary Plant Body
5.1 Primary Plant Body
5.2 Internal Structure of Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon Root
5.2.1 Anatomy of the Dicot Root (Young)
5.2.2 Anatomy of the Monocot Root
5.3 Internal Structure of Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon Stem
5.3.1 Details of a Dicot Stem in T.S.
5.3.2 Anatomy of the Monocot Stem
5.4 Internal Structure of Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon Leaf
5.4.1 Transverse Section of a Dicot Leaf
5.4.2 Transverse Section of a Monocot Leaf