Contents

1. DNA as the Genetic Material

1. Introduction  

2. Evidences for DNA as the Genetic Material   

3. The Question of RNA as a Genetic Material   

4. Watson and Crick’s Model of DNA Molecule    

2. Nucleic Acids – Structure, Properties and Functions

1. Introduction  

2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)     

3. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)    

3. Concept and Organization of Genomes

1. Introduction  

2. Organization of Viral Genomes   

3. Bacterial Genome organization   

4. Organisation of Genome in Organelles  

5. Human Genome structure    

4. Eukaryotic Genomes

1. Introduction  

2. Chromosomal Organization  

3. Prokaryotic Chromosome    

4. Eukaryotic Chromosomes    

5. Euchromatin   

6. Heterochromatin

7. The Centromere

8. The Ends of Chromosomes – Telomeres   

9. DNA Packaging in Chromatin and Chromosome   

10. Organization of Chromatin

5. Definition of Gene

1. Introduction  

2. The Concept of Introns and Exons

3. Regulatory Sequences

6. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology and Exceptions to Central Dogma

1. Introduction  

2. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology    

7. DNA Replication in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

1. DNA Replication     

2. Prokaryotic DNA Replication in Detail 

3. Eukaryotic DNA Replication in Detail  

4. Models of DNA Replication 

8. DNA Damage and Repair

1. Introduction  

2. DNA: The Molecular Basis of Mutations 

3. Mutation

4. What is DNA Repair? 

9. Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

1. Transcription 

2. RNA Polymerase: Its structure and Importance

3. Initiation of Prokaryotic Transcription     

4. Eukaryotic Transcription  

5. Ribosomal RNA Synthesis   

6. Post Transcriptional Modifications in Eukaryotes  

10. Genetic Code

1. Genetic Code  

2. Concept of Codon    

3. Degeneracy of the Codon (Genetic Code)

11. Translation

1. Introduction  

2. Translation Process 

3. Prokaryotic Translation   

4. Eukaryotic Translation    

12. Post-translational Modifications

1. Introduction  

2. What are Post Translational Modification?   

3. Types of Post Translational Modification    

13. Protein Translocation

1. Introduction  

2. Protein Translocation