Contents

1.  Introduction to components

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Resistors

1.3 Capacitors

1.4 Inductors

1.5 Transformer

1.6 Charging and discharging of a capacitor

1.7 Decay and growth in R-L circuit

1.8 Voltage, current relationship for a pure resistive, capacitive and inductive circuit

1.9 A.C. through R-L and R-C circuit

1.10 LCR series circuit

1.11 LCR Parallel Circuit

2. Network Theorems

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Ohm’s Law

2.3 Kirchoff’s Law

2.4 Thevenin Theorem

2.5 Norton Theorem

2.6 Super position theorem

2.7 Maximum power transfer theorem

2.8 Substitution theorem

3. Semiconductors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Band Theory

3.3 Crystal structure of semiconductor

3.4 Types of semiconductors

3.5 P-N Junction Diode

3.5 Biasing of a diode

3.6 Applications of the diode

3.7 Zener diode

3.8 Photoresistor

3.9 Photodiode

3.10 Light emitting diode (LED)

3.11 Seven-segment display

4. Bipolar Junction Transistors

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Fundamentals of transistors

4.3 Working of A Transistor

4.4 Transistor Characteristic

4.5 Transistor configurations

4.6 Load Line of transistor

4.7 Transistor biasing

5. dc Power Supplies

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Applications of the diode

5.3 Bridge Rectifier

5.4 Load Regulation

5.5 Line Regulation

5.6 Voltage regulator

5.7 Three terminal Regulators

5.8 SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS)

6. Field Effect Transistor

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Types of FET

6.3 JFET

6.4 Operation of JFET

6.5 Characteristics of JFET

6.6 Small signal JFET parameters

6.7 Advantages of FETs

6.8 Applications of JFET

6.9 MOSFET

6.10 The depletion enhancement MOSFET

6.11 Enhancement MOSFET

6.12 Application of MOSFET

7. Amplifiers

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Concept of an Amplifier

7.3 Classification of amplifiers

7.4 Single stage CE amplifiers

7.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF a CE amplifier

7.7 Frequency response of CE amplifier

8. Operational Amplifiers

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Basic information of op-amp

8.3 Block diagram of op-amp

8.4 The ideal operational amplifier

8.5 Operational feedback

8.6 Virtual ground

8.7 Op-amp characteristics

8.8 Op-amp applications

8.9 Problems

9. Oscillators

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The concept of feedback

9.3 General theory of feedback

9.4 Basic principle of oscillator

9.5 Types of oscillators

9.6 The RC Oscillators

9.7 Multivibrators

9.8 Multivibrators using IC 741

9.9 Multivibrator using IC 555

9.10 Applications of oscillators and multivibrator

9.11 Problems