Contents

1. Introduction to Instrumentation System 

1. Introduction

2. Instrumentation System 

3. Sensors, Transducers and Actuators

4. Classification of Sensors, Active and Passive Sensors  

5. Selection Criteria for Sensors   

2. Sensors and Actuators

1. Introduction

2. Temperature Sensor

3. Optical Sensor: LDR    

4. Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)    

5. Tilt Sensor (Inclinometers) 

6. Ultrasonic Sensor

7. Motion Sensor    

8. Image Sensor

9. Actuators   

3. Smart Instrumentation System and Smart Sensors   

1. Introduction

2. Block Diagram of Smart Instrumentation System    

3. Concept of Smart Sensor

4. Recent Trends in Sensors    

4. OPAMP as Signal Conditioner 

1. Introduction

2. Circuit Symbol   

3. Block Diagram    

4. OPAMP Characteristics  

5. Concept of Virtual Ground   

6. Operational Feedback   

7. OPAMP IC 741/ LM324    

8. Inverting Amplifier    

9. Non-Inverting Amplifier

10.Unity Gain Follower    

11.Adder  

12.Subtractor  

13.Op-amp as Current to Voltage Converter 

14.Voltage to Current Converter

15.Comparator  

16.Voltage to Frequency Converter