Contents

1. Introduction to Genetics

1. Introduction

2. Concept of Gene

2.1 Classical Concept of Gene

2.2 Modern Concept of Gene

2.3 Genetic Terminologies

3. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

2. Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance

1. Introduction

2. Incomplete Dominance

3. Co-dominance

4. Multiple Alleles

5. Lethal Alleles

3. Gene Mutation

1. Introduction

2. Types of Mutations

2.1 Spontaneous Mutations

2.2 Based on the Substitution of the Base Pairs

2.3 Induced Mutation

2.4 Hereditary and Somatic Mutations

2.5 Forward and Backward Mutation

2.6 Point Mutations

2.7 Based on the Substitution of the Base Pairs

3. Mutagen Agents

4. Sex determination

1. Introduction

2. Theories of Sex Determination

3. Types of Sex Determination -XX-XY, ZZ-ZW, XX-XO and Parthenogenesis, Hypodiploidy

3.1 Types of Sex Determination: -XX-XY, ZZ-ZW, XX-XO

3.2 Parthenogenesis (Gr., parthenos = virgin; genesis = origin)

3.3 Gynandromorphs

5. Population Genetics

1. Basic Concepts in Population Genetics

1.1 Mendelian Population

1.2 Gene Pool or Gene / Allele Frequency

1.3 Chance Mating (Panmictic Mating)

2. Hardy Weinberg Law and its Equilibrium

6. Human Population Genetics

1. Introduction to Human Population Genetics

2. Karyotype

2.1 Chromosome Types

2.2 Numerical Abnormalities

2.3 Structural Abnormities

7. Sex Linked Inheritance in Human

1. Introduction

8. Applications of Genetics

1. Introduction

1.1 Genetic Counsellor

1.2 Genetic Counselling

1.3 Ethics and Genetic Counselling

1.4 Need for Genetic Counseling

1.5 Types of Genetic Counseling

2. Diagnostics and Breeding Technology

2.1 Diagnostics

2.2 Breeding Technology