Contents

1. Interrelationship between Physics and Life Sciences  

1.1 Introduction     

1.2 Interrelationship between physics and life sciences  

2. Measurements     

2.1 Introduction     

2.2 Methods of measurement 

2.3 Units for measurement  

2.4 Standards  

2.5 Length     

2.6 Time 

2.7 Mass 

2.8 Electric current 

2.9 Thermodynamic temperature    

2.10 Amount of substance    

2.11 Luminous intensity     

3. Elasticity 

3.1 Elasticity 

3.2 Limit of elasticity    

3.3 Stress and strain in solids  

3.4 Hooke’s law

3.5 Stress strain curves   

3.6 Poisson’s ratio (?)    

3.7 Explanation of elasticity on the basis of atomic model     

3.8 Relevance of elasticity in life sciences 

4. Fluid Statics    

4.1 Introduction     

4.2 What is a fluid? 

4.3 Density and Pressure   

4.4 Fluids at rest   

4.5 Measurement of pressure

4.6 Pascal’s principle    

5. Viscosity                    

5.1 Hydrodynamics                

5.2 Rate of flow of a liquid      

5.3 Streamline and turbulent flow

5.4 Tube of flow           

5.5 Equation of continuity 

5.6 Viscosity              

5.7 Poiseulle’s equation   

5.8 Reynold’s number             

5.9 Concept of pressure energy   

5.10 Bernoulli’s theorem          

5.11 Methods of viscosity estimation          

5.12 Relevance of viscosity to life sciences  

6. Surface Tension  

6.1 Surface tension  

6.2 Surface tension expressed as surface energy    

6.3 Capillary action 

6.4 Angle of contact 

6.5 Methods of measurement of surface tension

6.6 Relation between surface tension, excess. . . .      

6.7 Factors affecting surface tension  

6.8 Applications of surface tension    

6.9 Wettability

6.10 Influence of temperature on surface tension    

7. Sound Waves                        

7.1 Wave                               

7.2 Types of waves                     

7.3 Principle of superposition of waves

7.4 Source of sound and vibrating systems    

7.5 Beats in sound waves   

7.6 The doppler effect     

7.7 Audible, ultrasonic and infrasonic waves 

8. Heat       

8.1 Introduction     

8.2 A form of energy 

8.3 Quantity of heat and specific heat 

8.4 Molar heat capacity of solid 

8.5 Concept of temperature 

8.6 Thermal equilibrium-zeroth law of thermodynamics    

8.7 Measuring temperature  

9. Thermodynamics and Real Gases

9.1 Heat and work    

9.2 First law of thermodynamics  

9.3 Second law of thermodynamics 

9.4 Carnot cycle and its efficiency    

9.5 Vander waal’s equation of State    

9.6 Critical constants                 

9.7 Concept of entropy                 

10. Refrigeration                

10.1 Refrigeration                

10.2 Principle of refrigeration   

10.3 Co-efficient of performance  

10.4 Simple structure of refrigerator   

10.5 Application of refrigeration to biotechnology  

10.6 Carnot cycle     

10.7 Adiabatic process

10.8 Isothermal process     

10.9 Refrigerant

11. Optics     

11.1 Properties of light    

11.2 Characteristics of light

11.3 Diffraction of light   

11.4 Fresnel and fraunhofer diffraction 

11.5 Superposition of waves–interference    

11.6 Polarization     

11.7 Polarized and unpolarized light  

11.8 Brewster’s law   

11.9 Optical activity 

11.10 Lasers     

11.11 Basic requirements for laser action 11-19

11.12 Properties of laser beam    

11.13 Application of laser   

12. Charge and Matter

12.1 Electromagnetsm (Preview)    

12.2 Electric current             

12.3 Insulators and semiconductors

12.4 Types of semiconductors                        

12.5 Some important points about semiconductors     

12.6 Coulomb’s law and dielectric constant          

13. Magnetism  

13.1 Introduction                 

13.2 Magnetic field               

13.3 Magnetic pole and dipole     

13.4 Gauss’s law in magnetism:    

13.5 Earth’s magnetic field       

13.6 Magnetic material            

13.7 Nuclear aagnetism            

13.7 Biomagnetism