Environment Education-II

Contents

1. Environmental Pollution and Health
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Pollution
2.1 Production Processes and Generation of Wastes
2.2 Assimilative Capacity of the Environment
2.3 Definition of Pollution
2.4 Point Sources and Non-point Sources of Pollution
3. Air Pollution
3.1 Sources of Air Pollution
3.2 Primary and Secondary Pollutants
3.3 Criteria Pollutants
3.4 Indoor Air Pollution
3.5 Adverse Health Impacts of Air Pollutants
3.6 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
4. Water Pollution
4.1 Sources of Water Pollution
4.2 Types of Water Pollution
4.2 Water Quality Parameters and Standards
4.3 Adverse Health Impacts of Water Pollution on Human and Aquatic Life
5. Soil Pollution and Solid Waste
5.1 Sources of Soil Pollution
5.2 Solid and Hazardous Waste
5.3 Impact on Human Health
6. Noise Pollution
6.1 Definition of Noise Pollution
6.2 Unit of Measurement of Noise Pollution
6.3 Sources of Noise Pollution
6.4 Noise Standards
6.5 Adverse Impacts of Noise on Human Health
7. Thermal and Radioactive Pollution: Sources and Impact on Human Health and Ecosystems
7.1 Thermal pollution
7.2 Radioactive Pollution

2. Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Climate Change
2.1 Natural Variations in Climate
2.2 Structure of Atmosphere
2.3 Anthropogenic climate change from greenhouse gas emissions – Past, Present and Future
2.4 Projections of global climate change with special reference to temperature, rainfall, climate variability and extreme events
2.5 Importance of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C limits to global warming
2.6 Climate change projections for the Indian sub-continent
3. Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change
3.1 Observed impacts of climate change on ocean and land systems
3.2 Sea Level Rise, Changes in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
3.3 Impacts on Forests and Natural Ecosystems
3.4 The concept of Vulnerability and its Assessment
3.5 Adaptation vs. Resilience: Key Differences and Relationships
3.6 Climate-Resilient Development
3.7 Indigenous Knowledge for Adaptation to Climate Change
4. Mitigation of Climate Change
4.1 Synergies between Adaptation and Mitigation Measures
4.2 Green House Gas (GHG) reduction vs. sink enhancement
4.3 Concept of carbon intensity, energy intensity and carbon neutrality
4.4 National and International Policy Instruments for Mitigation, Decarbonizing Pathways, and Net Zero Targets
4.5 Energy Efficiency Measures
4.6 Renewable Energy Sources
4.7 Carbon capture and storage, National climate action plan and Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)
4.8 Climate Justice

3. Environmental Management
1. Introduction
2. Introduction to Environmental Laws and Regulation
2.1 Constitutional Provisions: Article 48A, Article 51A (g) and other derived Environmental Rights
2.2 Introduction to Environmental Legislations on Forests, Wildlife, and Pollution Control
3. Environmental Management System
3.1 ISO 14001 Life Cycle Analysis
3.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
3.3 Environmental Audit and Impact Assessment
3.4 Environmental Risk Assessment, Pollution Control and Management
3.5 Waste Management: Concept of 3R and Sustainability
3.6 Ecolabeling/Ecomark scheme

4. Environmental Treaties and Legislation
1. Introduction
2. An overview of Instruments of International Cooperation
2.1 Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements
2.2 Conventions and Protocols: Definitions and Differences
2.3 Adoption, Signature, Ratification, and Entry into Force
2.4 Binding and Non-binding Measures
2.5 Conference of the Parties
3. Major International Environmental Agreements
3.1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
3.2 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
3.3 Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing
3.4 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

3.5 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
3.6 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
3.7 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
3.8 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the Kigali Amendment
3.9 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
3.10 Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
3.11 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
3.12 Minamata Convention on Mercury
3.13 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
3.14 Kyoto Protocol
3.15 Paris Agreement
3.16 India’s status as a party to major conventions
4. Major Indian Environmental Legislations
4.1 The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
4.2 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
4.3 The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
4.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
4.5 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
4.6 Biological Diversity Act, 2002
4.7 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
4.8 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
4.9 Industry-specific Environmental Standards
4.10 Waste Management Rules
4.11 Ramsar Sites
4.12 Biosphere reserves
4.13 Protected Areas
4.14 Ecologically Sensitive Areas
4.15 Coastal Regulation Zone
4.16 Status Phase-out of Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances by India

4.17 National Green Tribunal
4.18 Some landmark Supreme Court Judgements Environment
5. Major International Organisations and Initiatives