Contents

1. Basics of Measurement

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Classification of instruments

1.3 Characteristics of Instrument

1.4 Error   13

1.5 Units of measurement fundamental

1.6 Standard

1.7 Calibration of instruments

2. Analog DC and AC Meters

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Classification of Analog Instruments

2.3 Definition of Average and RMS Value

2.4 PMMC Instrument

2.5 Analog Multimeter  

2.6 How to use Basic Meter?

3. Digital Meters

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Concepts of ADC and DAC

3.3 Digital Frequency Meter

3.4 Digital Voltmeter

3.5 Digital Multimeter

3.6 LCR meter

3.7 Phase sensitive detector (phase meter)

4. Oscilloscope

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Oscilloscope Subsystems

4.3 CRO

4.4 Storage type CRO

4.5 Digital Storage Oscilloscope

4.6 Front Panel Controls of Dual Trace CRO

4.7 Specifications of CRO

4.8 Applications of CRO

5. Signal Generator and Analyzer

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Concept of Oscillator

5.3 Signal Generator

5.4 Function Generator and Pulse Generator

5.5 Specifications

5.6 Concept of time domain and frequency domain instruments

5.7 Spectrum Analyzer and Logic Analyze