Contents

1. DC Circuits

1.1 Introduction to Electricity

Concept of E.M.F.

Concept of Potential Difference

Concept of current

Resistance

Laws of Resistance

Conductance

Resistivity (?)

Ohm’s Law

Series Circuit

Parallel Circuit

1.2 Open Circuit and Short Circuit

Open Circuit

Short Circuit

1.3 Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

1.4 Maxwell’s Loop Current Method

Steps of Maxwell’s Loop Current Method

1.5 Node Analysis

Step for Node Analysis Method

1.6 Voltage Sources and Current Source

Source Conversion

1.7 Star-Delta / Delta-Star Conversion

Star Network

Delta Network

Delta-Star Conversion

Star-Delta Conversion

1.8 Network Terminology

Active Network

Passive Network

Linear Network

Non-linear Network

Bilateral Network

Unilateral Network

2. AC Fundamentals

2.1 Introduction

2.2 DC and AC Quantities

Direct Current (DC)

Alternating Current (AC)

Difference between AC and DC Quantities

Difference between AC Circuit and DC Circuit

Advantages of AC Over DC

2.3 Waveform of Sinusoidal AC Cycle

Types of AC Waveforms

Graphical Representation of Sinusoidal Waveform

Mathematically Representation of Sinusoidal Waveform

2.4 Generation of Single Phase AC by Elementary Alternator

Construction of Elementary Alternator

Working

2.5 Definitions

Instantaneous Value

Cycle

Amplitude

Time Period

Frequency

Angular Frequency

RMS Value

Average Value

Form Factor

Peak Factor (KP)

2.6 Vector Representation of Sinusoidal AC Quantity

Representation of AC Quantity in Rectangular Form

Representation of AC Quantity in Polar Form

Rectangular to Polar Conversion

Polar to Rectangular Conversion

Addition and Subtraction of Phasors

Multiplication and Division of Phasors

2.7 Phase Angle

Phase Difference

Concept of Lagging and Leading

Concept of same and out-of-phae

2.8 Pure Resistance in AC Circuits

2.9 Pure Inductance in AC Circuit

2.10 Pure Capacitance in AC Circuit

2.11 Concept of Impedance

2.12 Power Active, Power Reactive and Apparent Power, Power Triangle

2.13 Power Factor and its Significance

Significance of Power Factor

2.14 R-L Series Circuit

Impedence Triangle

Phase Angle between Current and Voltage

Power Triangle in Series R-L Circuit

2.15 R-C Series Circuit

Impedence Triangle

Power Triangle

2.16 R-L-C Series Circuit

3. Polyphase Circuits

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Advantages of three Phase System over Single Phase System

3.3 Generation and Working Principle of three Phase EMF and its Waveforms Graphical and Mathematical Representations of the three phase Voltage

3.4 Concept of Phase Sequence, Balanced and Unbalanced Load

Phase Sequence

Balanced Load

Unbalanced Load

3.5 Three Phase Supply Connections

3.6 Important Definitions

3.7 Relations between Phase and Line Current, Phase and Line Voltage Steps to be followed while Drawing the Phasor Diagram

3.8  Relations for Delta Connected Load

Steps to be followed while Drawing the Phasor Diagram

Power Relation for Delta Connected Load

Distinguish between three Phase Star Connection and Three Phase Delta Connections

3.9 Power Triangle for three Phase Load

Steps to be followed while Solving the Numerical Based on three Phase System

4. Transformer

4.1 Introduction

Transformer

Working Principle of Transformer

Classification of Transformer

4.2 E.M.F. Equation

4.3 Voltage Ratio, Current Ration and Transformation Ratio

Voltage Ratio

Current Ratio

Transformation

Voltage Regulation

Tums Ratio

4.4 kVA Rating of Transformers

4.5 Losses in a Transformers

Efficiency of Transformer

4.6 Auto Transformers

Auto Transformer as Step-Up Transformer as Step Down Transformer

Comparison between two Winding Transformer and Auto Transformer

Applications of Auto Transformer

Advantages of Auto Transformer

4.7 Isolation Transformer

5. Rotating Machines

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Principle of Review of Force Acting on Current Carrying Conductor

Flemings Left Hand Rule

5.3 DC Motor Construction

Field System

Armature Core and Winding

Commutator

Brush

Bearings

5.4 Principle of Operation

Importance of Back Emf in DC Motor

Equation of Back Emf

Voltage Equation of DC Motor

5.5 Types of DC Motor with their Connection Diagram of Classification of DC Motors

Shunt Motor/Dc Shunt Motor

Series Motor/Dc Series Motor

Compound Motor/DC Compound Motor

Application of DC Motors

5.6 Introduction to Single Phase Induction Motor

Types of Single Phase Induction Motor

Single Phase Induction Motor Construction and Brief Working

Concept

5.7 Stepper Motor

Working Principle

Types of Stepper Motors

Applications of Stepper Motors

5.8 Servo Motors

Types of Servo Motors

Application of Servo Motors

6. Installation Earthing and Troubleshooting

6.1 Introduction

Surface Switch or Tumbler Switch

Flush Switch

Pull Switch or Celling Switch

Grid Switch

Architrave Switch

Rotary Snap Switches

Push Button Switch

Lamp Holders

Lamp Holder Adoptor

Ceilling Roses

Socket Outlets

Plugs

6.2 Fuses

Need of Fuse

Principle of Operation of Fuse

Selection of Duse Wire

Melting Point of Various Metals

Types of Fuses

6.3 Earthing of Electrical Equipments

Necessity of Earthing

Types of Earthing

6.4 Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting in Supply Cords

Troubleshooting in UPS

Solved Question Papers