Contents

1. Fundamentals of Developmental Biology

1. Definition

2. Scope of Developmental Biology

3. Concepts in Developmental Biology

3.1 Growth

3.2 Differentiation

3.3 Dedifferentiation

3.4 Cell Determination

3.5 Cell Communication

3.6 Morphogenesis

3.7 Induction

3.8 Regeneration 

2. Theories of Developmental Biology

1. Theory of Preformation

2. Theory of Pangenesis

3. Epigenetic Theory

4. Axial Gradient Theory

5. Germplasm Theory 

3. Gametogenesis

1. Spermatogenesis

1.1 Ultrastructure of Ovum

2. Oogenesis

3. Types of Eggs 

4. Fertilization

1. Fertilization

2. Chemotaxis

2.1 Fertilizin-Antifertilizin Reaction

2.2 Functions of Fertilizin-Anti-fertilizin Reaction

3. Sperm Penetration: Acrosome Reaction, Capacitation and Decapacitation

3.1 Acrosome Reaction

3.2 Capacitation

3.3 Decapacitation

4. Activation of Ovum: (Fertilization Cone)

5. Prevention of Polyspermy: Fast Block and Slow Block

5.1 The Fast Block to Polyspermy

5.2 The Slow Block to Polyspermy

6. Significance of Fertilization 

5. Cleavage and Blastula

1. Planes and Symmetry of Cleavage

2. Types of Cleavage

3. Significance of Cleavage

4. Blastula 

6. Gastrulation

1. Gastrulation

2. Basic Cell Movements in Gastrulation

3. Concept of Organizer: (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary) 

7. Chick Embryology

1. Structure of Hen’s Egg

2. Fertilization in Chicks

3. Cleavage in Chick

5. Formation of Primitive Streak

6. Regression of Primitive Streak in the Chick Embryo

7. Formation of Head in the Chick Embryo