Computers in Biology

Contents

1. History
1. Generations of Computers
2. Modern Computers

2. Introduction to Computers
1. Introduction
2. What is a Computer?
2.1 Block Diagram of a Computer
2.2 Characteristics of Computers
2.3 Application Areas of Computers
3. Input /Output Devices
3.1 Input Devices
3.2 Output Devices
4. Storage Devices
4.1 Secondary Memory and Storage Devices

3. Introduction to Operating System
1. Introduction
2. Operating System (O.S) Concept
3. Windows 98
3.1 Features of the Windows O.S
3.2 Components of the Windows O.S
3.3 Running Windows Applications
3.4 Switching Between Applications
3.5 Arranging Windows on the Desktop
3.6 Windows Utilities
4. Windows XP
4.1 Windows XP Desktop
4.2 Difference between the previous versions of Windows and Windows XP
5. Windows NT
6. Windows 2000
7. UNIX
8. Linux
9. Difference between Windows, Macs, and Linux Computers

4. DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION
1. Data Processing
2. Different Types of Output Files Obtained as “Processed” Data
3. Microsoft Office (MS-Office)
4. Microsoft Word (MS-Word)
4.1 Usage of MS-Word
4.2 MS Word Interface Introduction
4.3 Basic Functions of MS-Word
5. Microsoft Excel (MS-Excel)
5.1 Usage of MS-Excel
5.2 MS-Excel Interface
5.3 Basic Functions of MS-Excel
6. Presentation
7. Microsoft PowerPoint
7.1 Usage of PowerPoint
7.2 Basics Functions of PowerPoint

5. COMPUTER VIRUSES
1. Overview of Computer Viruses
2. Introduction to Computer Viruses
3. Types of Virus
4. Virus Symptoms
5. Virus Spread (How do Viruses get Transmitted?)
6. General Precautions

6. INTERNET SEARCHES
6.1 Internet Searching
6.2 Text-based Searching
6.3 Medline
6.4 PubMed
6.5 Bibliographic Database

7. Databases
1. Introduction to Database
2. Need of Database
3. Characteristics and Benefits of a Database
4. Types of Database Management Systems
4.1 Hierarchical Database Management System
4.2 Network Database Management System
4.3 Relational Databases Management System
4.4 Object-Oriented Database Management System
5. Data Abstraction
6. Instances and Schemas
7. Data Models
7.1 Object-based Data Models
7.2 Physical Data Models
7.3 Record-based Data Models
8. Hierarchical Database Model
9. Network Database Model
10. Relational Data Model
11. Object Oriented Data Model (OODM)
12. Entity Relationship Data Model
13. E-R Diagram
14. Reducing ER Diagram to Tables
15. Multimedia Database
16. Indexing in Database
17. Types of Index
17.1 Ordered Index
17.2 Primary Index
17.3 Secondary Index
17.4 Multilevel Index
17.5 Clustering Index
18. B+ Tree Index File
19. B Tree Index File
20. Hashing in DBMS
21. Types of Hashing
21.1 Static Hashing (Static Hash Function)
21.2 Dynamic Hashing (Dynamic Hash Function)
22. Comparison of Ordered Indexing and Hashing
23. Text Database
24. Introduction and Overview of Biological Database
25. Types of Biological Database

8. BIOINFORMATICS
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Goals of Bioinformatics
4. Scope of Bioinformatics
5. Biological Database
6. Bioinformatics-Programs and Tools
7. Bioinformatics and Related Fields