Contents

1. Data Representation and Computers Arithmetic

1. Introduction

2. Decimal Number System  

3. Binary Number System   

4. Octal Number System    

5. Hexa Decimal Number System  

6. Inter-Conversion of One Code to Another

7. BCD Code

8. Weighted and Unweighted Codes

9. Character Codes

10.Concept of Parity Code

11.Signed Number Representations    

12.Binary Arithmetic

2. Logic Gates

1. Introduction

2. Concept of Positive and Negative Logic 

3. Introduction to Gates  

4. Boolean Algebra and Identities   

5. DE – Morgan’s Theorems 

6. Inter-conversion of Gates

3. Combinational Circuits

1. Introduction

2. Combinational Circuit  

3. Half Adder  

4. Full Adder  

5. Half Subtractor  

6. Full Subtractor  

7. 4-bit Parallel Adder   

8. Universal Adder – Subtractor

9. Multiplexers

10.Demultiplexers

11.Encoder

12.Decoder

4. Sequential Circuits    

1. Introduction

2. Latch  

3. Flip-Flops  

4. Counters    

5. Shift Registers

5. CPU Organization 

1. Introduction

2. Block Diagram of the CPU    

3. Functions of CPU 

4. General Register Organization    

5. Stack Organization

6. Block Diagram of ALU

6. Memory Organization    

1. Introduction

2. Memory System Overview 

3. Memory Design    

4. Cache Memory

5. Internal Memory  

6. External Memory (Secondary Memory)

7. Virtual Memory

7. I/O Organization 

1 Introduction

2. Peripheral Devices

3. Input and Output Interface  

4. Serial Communication   

5. Concept of Interrupts  

6. Interrupt Vector Table 

7. Types of I/O Transfer  

8. DMA Controller

8. Architecture of Microprocessor 8086 and Parallel Processing 

1. Introduction

2. Block Diagram of 8086  

3. Numeric Coprocessor Concept 

4. Concept of Parallelism 

5. Concept of Pipeline    

6. Concept of RISC and CISC