Contents 

1. Problem Solving Concept

1. Introduction

2. Requirements for Solving Problem By Computer

3. The Problem Solving Aspect

2. Algorithms and Flowcharts

1. Introduction

2. Algorithms

2.1 Characteristics of Algorithms

3. Flowchart

3. Arithmetic Problem Solving Using Algorithm and Flowcharts

1. Introduction

2. Simple Arithmetic Problems

4. Introduction to C Language

1. Introduction to C

2. Features of C

3. Structure of a C Program

3.1 The main function

3.2 C Program Development Steps

3.3 Hello World Program 

5. C Fundamentals

1. Introduction

2. The C Character Set

3. C Tokens

4. Identifiers and Keywords

5. Variables and Constants

6. Data Types in C

6.1 Basic Data types

6.2 User Defined Types

7. Typecasting

8. Declarations and Expressions

8.1 Expressions

6. Operators and Expressions

1. Introduction

2.  Types of Operators

2.1 Unary Plus and Minus Operator

2.2 Binary Arithmetic Operators

2.3 Increment and Decrement Operators

2.4 Relational Operators

2.5 Logical Operators

2.6 Bitwise Operators

2.7 Assignment Operator

2.8 Conditional Operator

2.9 Comma Operator

2.10 sizeof Operator

3. Precedence and Associativity of Operators

7. Data Input Output Statements

1. Introduction

2. printf and scanf Functions

2.1 Formatted Output (printf)

3. Formatted Input (scanf)

4. getchar, putchar, getch Functions

4.1 getchar()

4.2 getch()

4.3 putchar()

5. String Input and Output (gets and puts)

5.1 gets()

5.2 puts() 

6. Escape Sequence Characters

7. Format Specifiers

Solved Programs 

8. Control Statements

1. Introduction

2. If, If- Else Statements

2.1  if statement

2.2  if . . . else statement

3. Nested if …else Statements

4. The Switch Statement

5. Loop Control Structure

5.1 The while Statement

5.2 The do-while loop

5.3 The for Loop

6. Jump Statements

6.1 break 24

6.2 continue

6.3 goto Statement

6.4 Using exit() function

Solved Programs

9. Functions

1. Introduction

2. What is a Function?

2.1 Function Declaration

2.2 Function Definition

2.3 The return Statement

2.4 Calling a Function

2.5 How a Function Works

3. Function Arguments

4. Library and User Defined Functions

4.1 Standard Library Functions

5. Methods of Calling a Function

5.1 Call by value

5.2 Call by reference

5.3 Difference between Call by value and Call by reference

6. Recursion

7. Storage Classes 

10. Arrays

1. Introduction

2. Array Declaration

3. Bounds Checking

4. One–Dimensional Array

4.1 Initializing an Array

4.2 Accessing Array Elements

4.3 Assigning Values to Array Elements

4.4 Limitations of Array

4.5 Sample Programs using 1–D arrays

5. Two-Dimensional Arrays

5.1 Initializing the array

5.2 Memory Representation of 2-D array

5.3 Accepting and Displaying 2-D array

5.4 Sample Programs using 2–D arrays

6. Arrays and Functions

6.1 Passing the Array Element By Element

6.2 Passing the Entire Array to a Function

6.3 Sample Programs using Arrays and Functions