Contents

1. D.C. Circuit Analysis

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Common terminologies

1.3 Ohm's law

1.4 Kirchoff's law

1.5 Concept of current source and voltage source

1.6 Potential divider circuit

1.7 Superposition theorem

1.8 Concept of equivalent resistance and black box

1.9 Thevenin's theorems

1.10 Norton's theorem

2. Semiconductor Diode

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Semiconductors

2.3 Crystal structure of semiconductor

2.4 Formation of P-N junction

2.5 Rectifier diode

2.6 Zener diode

2.7 Photodiode

2.8 Light Emitting Diode (LED)

2.9 Optocoupler

2.10 Dot matrix display

2.11 Seven segment display

3. Bipolar Junction Transistor

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Structure of bipolar junction transistor

3.3 Working of bipolar junction transistor

3.4 Transistor configuration

3.5 CE mode transistor characteristics

3.6 Relation between α β

3.7 Transistor as an amplifier

3.8 Transistor as a switch

3.9 DC load line and Q point

3.10 Potential divider biasing

3.11 Audio amplifier

3.12 Use of transistor to switch LED

4. Field Effect Transistor

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)

4.3 Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET)

4.4 Advantages of FET

4.5 MOS capacitor

4.6 Complementary Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

4.7 Applications

5. Amplifier

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Classification of Amplifiers

5.3 Multistage amplifier

5.4 Direct-coupled amplifier

5.5 Concept of feedback

5.6 Op-amp

5.7 Block diagram of op-amp

5.8 Ideal Characteristics of op-amp

5.9 Comparator

5.10 Operational feedback

5.11 Virtual ground

5.12 Op-amp applications

5.13 Problems

6. Oscillator

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Barkhausen criteria

6.3 Phase shift oscillator

6.4 High frequency oscillators

7. Power Supply

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Block diagram of linear D.C. power supply

7.3 Rectifiers

7.4 Ripple voltage

7.5 RC filter

7.6 Unregulated and regulated power supply

7.7 Line and load regulation

7.8 Zener as regulator

7.9 IC voltage regulators

7.10 Use of heat sink

7.11 SMPS

7.12 UPS

7.13 Spike protector

7.14 Constant Voltage Transformers (CVT)

8. Electronics in Computer System

8.1 Motherboard

8.2 Input devices

8.3 Output devices

8.4 Storage devices