Contents

1. Introduction

1. Introduction

2. Microprocessor and Microcontrollers

2.1 Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller

2.2 Intel Family of Microcontrollers

3. Classification of Microcontrollers

4. Applications of Microcontrollers

2. 8051 Microcontroller

1. Introduction

2. Features of 8051 Microcontrollers

3. Block Diagram and Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller  

4. Internal RAM Organization

5. Special Function Registers

6. Pin Diagram of 8051

7. I/O Ports and Specifications of I/O Ports

8. External Memory Interface

8.1 Interfacing using External Program ROM to 8051

8.2 Interfacing External Data ROM to 8051

8.3 Interfacing External RAM to 8051

3. 8051: Programmer's Model

1. Introduction to Assembly Language Programming

2. Structure of Assembly Language Program

3. Instruction Classification

4. Instruction Set of 8051

4.1 Logical Instructions

4.2 Data Transfer Instructions

4.3 Boolean Variable Instructions/ Bit Manipulation Instructions

4.4 Program Control or Branching Instructions

5. Addressing Modes

6. Assembler Directives

6.1 Examples of Assembly Language Programs

7. 8051 Programming in C

7.1 Data Types in C

7.2 Logic Operators in 8051 C

4. Timers and Counters

1. Introduction

2. Programming 8051 Timers

2.1 Basic Registers of the Timer

2.2 Timer 0 Registers

2.3 Timer 1 Registers

2.4 TMOD (Timer Mode) Register

2.5 TCON Register

3. Mode 1 Programming

3.1 Operating Steps for Mode 1

3.2 Steps to Program in Mode 1

3.3 Values to be Loaded into the Timer Register

4. Mode 2 Programming

4.1 Steps to Program in Mode 2

4.2 Assemblers and Negative Values 

5. Counter Programming

5.1 C/T bit in TMOD Register

6. PCON Register

7.SCON and SBUF Register

5. Interrupts and Interfacing

1. Introduction to Interrupt

1.1 Interrupts in 8051

1.2 The Interrupt Service Routine

1.3 Enabling and Disabling Interrupts

1.4 Interrupt Priority in 8051

2. Basics of Interfacing: ADC, DAC, LCD and Stepper Motor

2.1 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

2.2 Digital to Analog Converters

2.3 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

2.4 Stepper Motor Interfacing