Contents
1. Introduction to Angiosperm Taxonomy
1.1 Taxonomy - “Tax Oh On Me?”
1.1.1 Definition, Scope, Objectives and Importance of Taxonomy
1.1.2 Scope and Objectives of Taxonomy
1.1.3 Importance of Taxonomy
1.2 Exploration, Description, Identification, Nomenclature and Classification
1.2.1 Exploration
1.2.2 Exploration
1.2.3 Description – Phytography
1.2.4 Identification
1.2.5 Nomenclature
1.2.6 Classification
1.3 Concept of Systematics
1.3.1 Systematics - Need of Times
1.3.2 Objectives of Systematics
1.3.3 General Principles of Systematic
2. Systems of Classification
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Systems of Classification
2.3 Artificial System by Linnaeus
2.4 Natural System of Classification by Bentham and Hooker's
2.4.1 Merits and Limitations
2.5 Phylogenetic Systems
2.6 APG System
2.6.1 Important Features
2.6.2 Principles of APG System
2.6.3 APG 1998
2.6.4 APG I (1998)
2.6.5 APG II 2003
2.6.6 APG III 2009
2.6.7 APG IV (2016)
2.6.8 Implementation of APG System
3. Study of Plant Families
3.1 Key to Families
3.2 Annonaceae
3.2.1 Systematic Position
3.2.2 Distribution
3.2.3 Morphological Characters
3.2.4 Diagnostic Features
3.2.5 Economically Important Plants
3.2.6 Key for Genera
3.3 Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)
3.3.1 Systematic Position
3.3.2 Distribution
3.3.3 General Characters
3.3.4 Dianostic Features
3.3.5 Plants of Economic Importance
3.3.6 Key to genera
3.4 Myrtaceae
3.4.1 Systematic Position
3.4.2 Distribution
3.4.3 Morphological Characters
3.4.4 Diagnostic Features
3.4.5 Economically Important Plants
3.4.6 Key to the Genera
3.5 Rubiaceae
3.5.1 Systematic Position
3.5.2 Distribution
3.5.3 Morphological Characters
3.5.4 Diagnostic Features
3.5.5 Plants of Economic Importance
3.5.6 Key to Genera
3.6 Apocynaceae
3.6.1 Systematic Position
3.6.2 Distribution
3.6.3 General Characters
3.6.4 Diagnostic Features
3.6.5 Plants of Economic Importance
3.6.6 Economic Importance
3.6.7 Key to Genera
3.7 Solanaceae
3.7.1 Systematic Position
3.7.2 Distribution
3.7.3 Morphological Characters
3.7.4 Diagnostic Features
3.7.5 Plants of Economic Importance
3.7.6 Key for Genera
3.8 Nyctaginaceae
3.8.1 Systematic Position
3.8.2 Distribution
3.8.3 General Characters
3.8.4 Diagnostic Characters
3.9 Amaryllidaceae
3.9.1 Systematic Position
3.9.2 Distribution
3.9.3 Morphological Characters
3.9.4 Diagnostic Features
3.9.5 Plants of Economic Importance
3.9.6 Key to Genera
3.10 Classification of Dicotyledonae
4. Botanical Nomeclature
4.1 Concept of Nomenclature
4.1.1 A Brief History of Code of Nomenclature
4.1.2 History of Binomial Nomenclature
4.1.3 Important Rules of Nomenclature
4.1.4 International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
4.1.5 Principles, Rules and Recommendations
4.2 Coining of Generic Names and Specific Epithets
4.3. Ranks and Ending of the Name Taxa (Arts 1-5)
4.3.1 Authors Citation (Single and Double Authority Citation)
5. Introduction to Ecology
5.1 Definition and Concept
5.1.1 Scope of Ecology
5.1.2 Ecology as Interdisciplinary Approach
5.1.3 Autecology and Synecology
5.2 Species Diversity
5.2.1 Definition and Concept
5.2.2 Species Diversity - Definition; Concept; Alpha; Beta and Gama Diversity
5.3 Methods of Vegetation Sampling
5.3.1 Necessity of Sampling - “One need not drink the whole barrel to find out what is in it?”
5.3.2 Quadrat Method
5.3.3 Point or Plotless Method
5.3.4 Transect Method
5.3.5 Stratification
5.3.6 Vegetation analysis
5.4 Diversity Concept
5.4.1 Definition
5.4.2 Genetic Diversity
5.4.3 Intraspecific Diversity
5.4.4 Origin of Species Biodiversity
5.4.5 Diversity Indices
5.4.6 Ecosystem Diversity
5.5 Hotspots - Concepts and Basis of Hotspot Identification
5.5.1 Hotspot
5.5.2 Criteria for Recognition of Hotspots
5.5.3 Other Features of Hotspots
5.5.4 Biodiversity Hotspots in India
5.5.5 Endemics of Hotspots in India
6. Ecological Grouping of the Plants
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Schimper’s Ecological Classification of Plants
6.3 Classification of Hydrophytes
6.3.1 Adaptations of Hydrophytes
6.4 Mesophytes
6.5 Xerophytes
6.5.1 Classification of Xerophytes
6.5.2 Adaptations of Xerophytes
6.6 Halophytes
6.6.1 Problems of Halophytic Life
6.6.2 External, i.e., Morphological Adaptations
6.6.3 Anatomical Adaptations
6.6.4 Physiological Adaptations
6.6.5 Examples of Halophytes