Contents

1. Introduction of Digital Communication

1. Introduction

2. Historical Perspective of Digital Communication

3. Elements of Digital Communication System with its Block Diagram

4. Communication Channel Types and their Characteristics

5. Channel Modeling

6. Channel Noise

7. Why Digital Communication?

2. Digital Pulse Modulation Techniques

1. Introduction

2. Sampling Process

2.1 Nyquist Sampling Theorem

2.2 Quantization Process

2.3 Companding

3. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

3.1 Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)

3.2 Delta Modulation (DM)

3.3 Quantization Noise in DM System

3.4 Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)

3. Coding Methods and Error Control

1. Introduction

2. Definitions and Theorems

3. Source Coding

4. Channel Coding

4.1 Types of Errors

4.2 Error Detection and Correction

4.3 CRC Generator

4.4 Error Control Codes

4.5 Hamming Codes

5. Line Coding

5.1 Classification of Line Codes

5.2 Other Line Codes

4. Digital Modulation Technique

1. Introduction

2. M-ary Encoding

2.1 Minimum Bandwidth

3. Classification of Digital Modulation Techniques

3.1 Amplitude Shift Keying

3.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

3.3 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

4. Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

5. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) or Quadrature Amplitude Shift Keying (QASK

5.1 Classification of QAM

6. Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)

7. Constellation Diagram and Phasor Diagram of Each Modulation Techniques

8. Comparison of Digital Techniques

5. Multiplexing and Multiple Access

1. Introduction

1.1 Need of Multiplexing

2. Types of Multiplexing

2.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

2.2 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

2.3 Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)

2.4 Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)

3. T-carrier System

3.1 North American Digital Hierarchy

3.2 Digital Multiplex Hierarchy

3.3 CCITT Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy

3.4 Introduction to Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

4. Access Techniques

5. Wide Band Modulation Techniques

5.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

5.2 Comparison between CDMA and OFDM

6. Spread Spectrum Modulation

1. Introduction

2. Spread Spectrum Modulation

2.1 Types of SS Modulation

2.2 Pseudo Noise (PN) Sequence

2.3 Model of Spread Spectrum Modulation System

3. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS) Signal

3.1 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum with Coherent BPSK

3.2 Frequency Spread Spectrum

3.3 DS-SS Based CDMA System

3.4 CDMA with FHSS with Block Diagram