Contents

1. Pest

1. Introduction

2. Definition of Pest

3. Types of Pests

3.1 Insect Pests

3.2 Non-insect Pests

4. Types of Damage Caused by the Pest

4.1 Damages by Pests with Biting and Chewing Mouth Parts

4.2 Damage by Pests with Piercing and Sucking Types of Mouth Parts

2. Pest Management using Regulatory Control

1. Introduction

2.  Quarantine

3. Eradication

3.1 Methods of Insect Pest Eradication

4. Control Districts

5. “Crop-free” Periods

3. Pest Management using Cultural Control

1. Introduction

2. Sanitation

3. Tillage

3.1 Types of Soil Tillage

4. Crop Rotation

5. Cropping System

5.1 Types of Cropping Systems

4. Pest Management using Biological Control

1. Introduction

2. Ecological Considerations

3. Biological Control of Insects

4. Biological Control of Plant Disease

5. Biological Control of Weeds

5. Biotechnology Approaches in Pest Management

1. Introduction

2. Recent Advances in the use of Fungi and Viruses

a. Baculoviruses

b. Entomopathogenic fungi

3. Methodology in Biotechnology

4. Somaclonal Variability

5. Concept of Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Plants

5.1 RNA interference (RNAi) Approach

5.2 CRISPR-Cas9 Enabled Gene Drive Approach

6. Integrated Pest Management

1. Introduction

2. Principles and Components of IPM

3. Advantages and Disadvantages

4. Biological Control - Predators, Parasitoids, Entomopathogens, Weed killers and their Mass Production

4.1 Predators

4.2 Parasitois

4.3 Entomopathogens

4.4 Weed Killers

4.5 Mass Production of Weed Killer

7. Insecticides

1. Introduction

2. Classification of Insecticides Based on the Mode of Entry

3. Action and Chemical Nature

4. Insecticides Formulations and their Uses

4.1 Liquid Formulations

4.2 Dry Formulations

5. Safe Handling of Insecticides

8. Insecticides Residues

1. Introduction

2. Methods of Residue Detection

2.1 Organochlorine

2.2 Organophosphates

2.3 Synthetic Pyrethroids

2.4 Systemic

3. Problems in Fruits, Vegetables, Medicinal Plants

4. Maximum Permissible Residue Limits (MRLs)