Contents

1.    Immunology: Basic Definitions & Fundamentals of Immune System

1.    Introduction

2.    Definitions

2.1   Infection, Invasion and Pathogen

2.2   Immunity

2.3   Antigen

2.4   Antibodies

3.    Concept of Host Pathogen Interaction

3.1   Types of Pathogen

3.2   Mechanisms of Pathogenesis

4.    Organization of Immune System

4.1   Structure and Function of the Cells and Tissues of Immune System

4.2   Structure and Function of Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs

5.    Types of Immunity

5.1   Innate Immunity

5.2   Adaptive / Acquired Immunity

5.3   Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity

6.    Immune Response: Primary and Secondary

6.1   Primary Immune Response

6.2   Secondary Immune Response

7.    Phagocytosis

7.1   Steps in Phagocytosis

2.    Components of the Immune System

1.    Antigens

1.1   Types of Antigen

1.2   Properties of an Antigen

1.3   Factors Affecting Immunogenicity

1.4   Route of Administration of Immunogen

1.5   Adjuvants

2.    Immunoglobulin

2.1   Structure of Antibody

2.2   Types of Antibody

2.3   Functions of Immunoglobulin Classes

2.4   Properties of Different Immunoglobulin Classes

3.    Complement System

3.1   Synthesis

3.2   Components of Complement System

3.3   Functions of the Complement System

3.4   Pathways

3.5   Formation of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

4.    Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

4.1   Location

4.2   Types of MHC

4.3   Structure of MHC

4.4   Functions of MHC

5.    Cytokines

5.1   Properties of Cytokines

5.2   Types of Cytokines

5.3   Functions of Cytokines

3.    Antigen-Antibody Intereactions

1.    Introduction

1.1   General Characteristics of Antigen-Antibody Interactions

2.    Concept of Lattice Hypothesis and Zone Phenomenon

2.1   Prozone Phenomenon

2.2   Lattice Hypothesis

3.    Principle and Example of Different Diagnostic Tests

3.1   Precipitation Reactions

3.2   Immunodiffusion

3.3   Agglutination Reactions

3.4   Hemagglutination in Blood Typing

3.5   Complement Fixation Test (CFT)

3.6   Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

3.7   Immunofluorescence

3.8   Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

3.9   Chemiluminescence

4.    Clinical Immunology

1.    Hypersensitivity Reactions

1.1   Introduction

1.2   Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

2.    Autoimmunity

2.1   Types of Autoimmune Disease

2.2   Mechanisms for Autoimmunity

3.    Concept of Immunotherapy

4.    Vaccine Technology

4.1   Types of Vaccines

5.    Modern Techniques

6.    Adjuvants