Contents

1. File Organization

1. Introduction

2. Physical File and Logical File   

3. Fields and Record Organization   

4. Types of File Organization  

5. Indexes

6. Types of Indexes

2. Introduction of DBMS

1. Overview    

2. Traditional File System vs DBMS  

3. Describing and Storing Data 

4. Levels of Abstraction  

5. Data Independence

6. Structure of a DBMS    

7. Users of a DBMS  

8. Advantages of DBMS

9. Disadvantages of DBMS

3. Conceptual Design

1. Overview of DB Design  

2. Basic Concepts of the E-R Model  

3. Additional Constraints 

4. Notations used for E–R Diagram   

5. Extended E–R Features  

6. Conceptual Design Using E-R 

7. CASE STUDY

4. Structure of Relational Databases

1. Introduction

2. Structure of Relational Model Concepts 

3. Conversion of E-R to Relational Model  

4. Example Conversion of Hospital E-R schema,

5. Integrity Constraints

5. SQL

1. Introduction

2. Data Definition Language    

3. Basic Structure of SQL 

4. Set Operations   

5. Aggregate Functions    

6. Null Values 

7. Nested Queries   

8. Modification to Database    

9. SQL Joins

6. Relational Database Design

1. Introduction

2. Pitfalls in Relational-Database Design 

3. Functional Dependencies

4. Concept of Decomposition    

5. Desirable Properties of Decomposition  

6. Normalization