Contents

1. PLANT WATER RELATIONSHIP AND ITS IMPORTANCE

1. Plant Water Relationship

1.1 Definition, Significance and Mechanism Permeability

1.2 Theories Explaining Mechanism

1.3 Factors Affecting Permeability

2. Diffusion

2.1 Significance

2.2 Mechanism

2.3 Laws of Diffusion

2.4 Factors Affecting Diffusion

3. Imbibition

3.1 Definition of Imbibition

3.2 Mechanism of Imbibition

3.3 Imbibition Pressure (Matrix Potential) ?M

3.4 Significance of Imbibition

4. Osmosis and its Types

4.1 Difference between Diffusion and Osmosis

4.2 Mechanism

4.3 Significance

4.4 Types of Osmosis

5. Absorption and Transport of Water

5.1 Pathway of Water Absorption

5.2 Mechanism of Water Absorption

5.3 Mechanism of Active Water Absorption

6. Factors Affecting Water Absorption

6.1 External Factors

6.2 Internal Factors

7. Introduction and Mechanism of Ascent of Sap

8. Transpiration

8.1 Definition of Transpiration

8.2 Types of Transpiration

8.3 Mechanism of Stomatal Transpiration

8.4 Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration

8.5 Significance of Transpiration

8.6 Measurements of Transpiration

9. Guttation

9.1 Definition

9.2 Exudation (Bleeding)

2. PLANT METABOLISM

1. Photosynthesis

1.1 Photosynthesis Pigments

1.2 Concept of Two Photosystems

1.3 Light Reaction

1.4 Dark Reactions-Calvin or C3 Pathway

1. Calvin Cycle

1.5 Hatch, Slack, and Kortschak (HSK pathway or C4 pathway)

1.6 Photorespiration

1.7 Compensation Point

2. Respiration

3. Nitrogen Metabolism

3.1 Importance of Nitrogen

3.2 Nitrogen Transformations

3.3 Nitrogen Fixation

3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS

1. Essential Nutrients for Plant Growth and their Role

2. Role and Deficiency Symptoms of N, P and K

2.1 Nitrogen (N)

2.2 Phosphorous (P)

2.3 Potassium (K)

2.4 Iron (Fe)

2.5 Magnesium (Mg)

2.6 Boron (B)

2.7 Copper (Cu)

2.8 Zinc (Zn)

2.9 Molybdenum (Mo)

3. Plant Growth Regulators

4. Growth Promoters

4.1 Auxins

4.2 Gibberellins

4.3 Cytokinins

5. Growth Inhibitors

5.1 Abscisic Acid (ABA)

5.2 Ethylene

6. Comparison between Phytohormones

7. Introduction to Physiology of Flowering

7.1 Critical Period

7.2 Photoperiod Induction

7.3 Mechanism of Photoperiodism

7.4 Significance of Photoperiod

7.5 Phytochrome

8. Vernalization (Chilling Effect)

8.1 Factors or Conditions for Vernalization Treatment

4. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS

1. Introduction

2. Cereals

3. Pulses

4. Oilseeds

5. Fiber Plants

6. Medicinal Plants

7. Timber Yielding

8. Beverages