Contents

1. INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY

1. Introduction Cell Biology

2. Importance of Cell Biology and its Applications in Industry

3. The Cell as Basic Unit of Life

4. Introduction to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

4.1 Prokaryotic Cell Structure

4.2 Eukaryotic Cell

5. Structure and Function of Prokaryotic (E.coli)

6. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells (Animal and Plant Cell)

6.1 Structure of Plant Cell

6.2 A Typical Animal Cell

2. TECHNIQUES IN CELL BIOLOGY

1. Introduction

2. Microscopy: Basic Principle, Simple, Compound, and applications of Electron Microscope

3. Light Microscope

3.1 Simple Microscope

3.2 Compound Microscope

3.3 Dark Field Microscope

3.4 Phase Contrast Microscopy

4. Electron microscopy

5. The Electron Microscope

5.1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

5.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

5.3 Stereo Electron Microscopy (Stereoscopy)

5.4 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM)

6. Cytochemistry

7. Cell Fractionation and Centrifugation

8. Cytophotometry and Cytofluorometry

9. Autoradiography

10. X-ray Diffraction

11. Stains and Dyes

11.1 Need for Staining

11.2 Types of Stain

12. Micrometry

3. PLASMA MEMBRANE

1. Introduction

2. Chemical Composition and Ultrastructure of Plasma Membrane

2.1 Chemical Composition

2.2 Molecular Models of Plasma Membranes

3. Structure of Plasma Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model

4. Transport Across membranes: Active and Passive Transport

4.1 Types of Membrane Transport

4.2 Exocytosis

4.3 Endocytosis

5. Other Functions of Cell Membrane in brief Protection, Cell Recognition, Shape, Storage, Cell Signaling

6. Cell Junctions: Tight Junctions, Gap Junctions, Desmosomes

4. NUCLEUS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

1. Introduction to Nucleus

2. Shape, Size, Number and Position of Nucleus

3. Structure of Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pore Complex, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus

4. Chromatin: Eu-chromatin and Hetro-chromatin, Nature and differences

4.1 Chemistry of Chromatin

4.2 Types of Chromatin

4.3 Important Functions of Chromatin

5. Functions of the Nucleus

5. ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

1. Introduction

2. Structure, Location, and Functions: Endoplasmic Reticulum

2.1 Occurrence

2.2 Structure

2.3 Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum

3. Golgi Apparatus

3.1 Occurrence

3.2 Structure

3.3 Functions of Golgi Complex

4. Lysosomes

5. Vacuoles

6. MITOCHNDRIA AND PEROXISOMES

1. Introduction

2. Mitochondria: Ultrastructure and Function of the Mitochondrion

3. Peroxisomes

7. CELL DIVISION

1. Introduction

2. Cell Cycle (G1, S, G2, M Phases)

2.1 Cell Cycle

2.2 Significance of Cell Cycle

3. Cell Division and its Types

3.1 Why Cell Divides?

3.2 Types of Cell Divisions

4. Mitosis

4.1 Prophase

4.2 Metaphase

4.3 Anaphase

4.4 Telophase

4.5 Cytokinesis

4.6 Significance of Mitosis

5. Meiosis

5.1 Stages of Meiosis

5.2 Significance of Meiosis

6. Comparison between Mitosis and Meiosis

7. Mitosis in Plant Cells and Animal Cells

8. Meiosis in Plant Cell and Animal Cell

8.1 Meiosis in Plant Cell

8.2 Meiosis in Animal Cell

8.3 Comparison between Meiosis in Plant Cell and Animal Cell