Contents

1. Analog Electronic System

1. Introduction  

2. Definition of Sensors and Transducers 

3. Classification of Sensors 

4. Specifications of Sensors 

5. Sensors Used in Various Systems 

6. Piezoelectric Humidity Sensor   

7. Optical sensor (LDR)

8. Displacement Transducer   

9. Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)   

10. Touch Sensor 

11. Ultrasonic Sensors 

12. Tilt Sensor (Inclinometers)    

2. Signal Conditioning 

1. Introduction  

2. Wheatstone’s Bridge 

3. Amplifier     

4. Level shifter 

5. Three OP-amp Instrumentation Amplifier

6. Filters 

7. Voltage to Frequency Convertor (V to F Converter/VFC)   

3. Data Converters     

1. Introduction  

2. Digital To Analog Converters (DAC’s)  

3. Specification of DAC

4. Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs)   

5. ADC Specifications  

6. Comparison of ADC’s 

4. Case Studies  

1. Introduction  

2. Temperature Monitoring System Using LM35    

3. Intruder Detector System Using Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor  

4. Water Level Indicator System Using Float Switch 

5. Electrocardiography (ECG)