Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 What is statistics?

1.3 Definition of statistics

1.4 Statistic and statistics

1.5 Statistics: Science or art

1.6 Characteristics of statistics

1.7 Functions of statistics

1.8 Limitations of statistics

1.9 Misuse and distrust of statistics

1.10 Scope (Or Application) of statistics

1.11 Subdivisions within statistics

2. Some Statistical Concepts and Terms

2.1 Statistical terms

2.2 Statistical concepts

3. Data Collection

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Type of data

3.3 Sources of data

3.4 Measurement scales

3.5 Procedures for collecting data

3.6 Sampling and non-sampling errors

3.7 Methods of data collection

3.8 Data collection tools

3.9 Questionnaire and schedules

3.10 Designing a questionnaire

3.11 Errors in measurement

4. Presentation of Data

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Editing of data

4.3 Coding of data

4.4 Classification of data

4.5 Tabulation of data

4.6 Frequency distribution

4.7 Constructing a frequency distribution

4.8 Cumulative frequency distribution

4.9 Graphical frequency distributions

4.10 Ogive curve

4.11 Graphic presentation

5. Analysis of Data Measures of Central Tendency

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Measures of central tendency

5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of A.M., G.M. and H.M.

5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of median

5.5 Advantages and disadvantages of mode

5.6 Comparing the mean, median, and mode

5.7 Relation between A.M., G.M. and H.M.

5.8 Quartiles, deciles and percentiles

6. Analysis of Data Measures of Dispersion

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Measures of dispersion

6.3 Absolute measures

6.4 Relative measures of dispersion

6.5 Measures of skewness

6.6 Lorenz curve

7. Correlation

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Correlation

7.3 Types of relationships

7.4 Types of correlation

7.5 Methods of correlation

7.6 Uses of correlation

7.7 Interpretation of correlation coefficient

7.8 Properties of correlation coefficient

7.9 Spearmans rank correlation

7.11 Probable error of correlation coefficient

7.12 Coefficient of determination

7.13 Practical application of correlations

8. Linear Regression

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Regression

8.3 Regression equations

8.4 Linear regression

8.5 Fitting of a straight line

8.6 Regression coefficients

8.7 Difference between correlation and regression 

8.8 Some important points about regression

8.9 Limitations of regressions

9. Index Number

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Definition and nature of index numbers

9.3 Types of index numbers

9.4 Selection of base

9.5 Methods of construction of index numbers

9.6 Construction of index numbers

10. Simple and Compound Interest

10.1 Simple interest

10.2 Formula to find simple interest

10.3 Compound interest

10.4 Formula to find compound interest

10.5 Compound interest applications

11. Annuities

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Annuity

11.3 Present or capital value

11.4 Amount of ordinary annuity

11.5 Present value of an annuity

11.6 Amortization

11.7 Present value concept of capital expenditure

11.8 Present value concept in leasing

11.9 Present value concept of bonds

12. Quantitative Techniques

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Management and decision making

12.3 Meaning of quantitative techniques

12.4 Classification of quantitative techniques

12.5 Various statistical methods

12.6 Various programming techniques

12.7 Limitations of quantitative techniques 

12.8 Quantitative techniques and their fields of application

12.9 Manager and quantitative technique specialist

12.10 Role of quantitative techniques